# Licorice Extract Market

> Licorice Extract Market Size, Share, Industry Trend & Analysis Research Report By Form (Powder, Paste, Block, Others), By Application (Food and Beverage, Cosmetics and Personal Care, Dietary Supplements, Tobacco Products, Other Applications), By Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa) - Forecast to 2035

- **Forecast Period:** 2026-2035
- **CAGR:** 5.15%
- **2025:** USD 2.45 Billion
- **2035:** USD 4.05 Billion
- **Key Players:** Mafco Worldwide LLC, Norevo GmbH, Amarelli S.r.l., F&C Licorice Ltd., Zagros Licorice Co., Sepidan Osareh Co., Ransom Naturals Ltd., Shaanxi Fujie Pharmaceutical

**Report ID:** MRFR/FnB/21343-HCR · **Pages:** 100 · **Author:** Snehal Singh · **Last Updated:** July 07, 2026

**URL:** https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/licorice-extract-market-22945

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## Market Summary

The global licorice extract market reached an estimated USD 2.45 billion in 2025 and is projected to grow from USD 2.58 billion in 2026 to USD 4.05 billion by 2035, expanding at a CAGR of 5.15% across the forecast window. Rising consumer demand for plant-derived ingredients — propelled by clean-label regulations in the EU and FDA guidance on natural sweetener disclosure — has positioned glycyrrhizin licorice root extract as a high-priority ingredient across the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care value chains.

Formulation strategies are being reshaped by a broader transition away from synthetic additives for both CPG and pharma companies. The 2023 revision of permitted botanical extracts by the European Commission allocated EUR 14 million to safety-profile studies for licorice-derived bioactives, thereby expediting the timeline for product reformulation. The demand for licorice root herbal supplements has increased in tandem, with the US dietary supplement channel alone experiencing a 9.3% year-over-year value increase in 2024, as indicated by a recent report[3][4]. Manufacturers are investing in standardized extraction technologies that ensure consistent glycyrrhizin concentrations, which is promoting growth in the licorice extract market.

Europe is the greatest market for licorice extract, accounting for approximately 36% of global revenue. This market is based on the confectionery traditions of the Nordic countries and the Netherlands. With a projected CAGR of 6.1%, North America is the fastest-growing region, primarily due to the functional-foods growth and the expansion of deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL product lines in health-food retail Led by Japan's established pharmaceutical-grade extraction industry and China's dominant raw-material supply position, the Asia-Pacific region accounts for approximately 28% of the market value. The licorice extract market is on the brink of sustained double-digit growth in emerging applications through 2035 as regulatory harmonization accelerates across trading blocs.

## Key Report Takeaways

### • By Form

- Powder form leads the licorice extract market with an estimated 42% revenue share in 2025, driven by ease of integration into [nutraceutical](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/nutraceuticals-market-2181) capsules and confectionery premixes
- Paste form is expanding at a CAGR of 5.8%, fueled by traditional confectionery demand in Europe and rising use in tobacco casing applications

### • By Application

- Food and Beverage accounts for the largest application share in the licorice extract market, valued at approximately USD 0.93 billion in 2025
- [Dietary Supplements](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/dietary-supplements-market-1134) represent the fastest-growing application at 6.3% CAGR, reflecting increased adoption of licorice root herbal supplement products for digestive and adrenal health

### • By Regional

- Europe holds a 36% share of the licorice extract market, supported by strong per-capita confectionery consumption and established extraction infrastructure
- North America is growing at 6.1% CAGR as functional food and deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL categories scale rapidly across retail and e-commerce
- Asia-Pacific contributes 28% of global value, led by China's vertically integrated supply chain from root cultivation through extraction

## Licorice Extract Market Size and Forecast (2021–2035)

MRFR's proprietary sizing model combines trade-flow analysis of licorice root imports across 38 countries, manufacturer revenue disclosures, and downstream demand modeling across food, pharma, and personal-care end markets. Historical figures (2021–2024) are calibrated against customs data and industry association estimates; forecast projections (2026–2035) apply regression-adjusted CAGR modeling with macro overlays for raw-material pricing and regulatory shifts.

## Market Drivers

| Driver | ~% Impact on CAGR | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Rising demand for natural sweeteners and clean-label ingredients | ~18% | Global | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [3] |
| Growth of the licorice root herbal supplement channel | ~16% | North America, Europe | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [4] |
| Pharmaceutical applications for licorice's anti-inflammatory properties | ~15% | Asia-Pacific, Europe | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [5] |
| Expanding confectionery and beverage formulations | ~14% | Europe, North America | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [6] |
| Tobacco industry casing and flavoring demand | ~12% | Asia-Pacific, MEA | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [7] |
| Cosmeceutical and personal-care innovation | ~13% | North America, Asia-Pacific | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [9] |
| E-commerce expansion for DGL and botanical supplements | ~12% | Global | Short-term (≤2 yr) |   |

### Clean-Label and Natural Sweetener Transition

Consumer rejection of artificial sweeteners has created a structural tailwind for glycyrrhizin licorice root extract across confectionery and beverage categories. Licorice flavor in food and pharma formulations benefits directly from this preference shift, as glycyrrhizin delivers 30–50 times the sweetness of sucrose without caloric load. The licorice extract market is capturing reformulation budgets from major CPG firms pivoting away from aspartame and sucralose [3][6].

### Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Demand Expansion

Bioactive compounds in licorice root — particularly glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin — have demonstrated clinically meaningful licorice anti-inflammatory properties in peer-reviewed trials published in the Journal of Heliyon (2021) and Phytotherapy Research (2023). These studies documented anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-asthmatic, and anti-microbial activity, supporting regulatory submissions for novel therapeutic indications. The global nutraceutical market's nearly 7% growth rate is pulling licorice root herbal supplement demand upward, with deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL formulations addressing safety concerns around prolonged glycyrrhizin intake [5][8].

### Confectionery Tradition and Innovation in Europe

Licorice flavor in food and pharma applications is deeply embedded in Nordic culinary culture, making Northern Europe a major regional hub for licorice extract consumption. The market benefits from strong heritage consumption in countries like the Netherlands, Finland, and Sweden, which traditionally account for a dominant share of the region's total volume. Premiumization trends are pushing manufacturers toward high-end product innovation, with increasing investment directed at single-origin and organic-certified extracts.

Confectioners are actively revitalizing classic formats by expanding into functional confectionery, blending traditional taste profiles with botanical wellness benefits to meet evolving consumer expectations.

### E-Commerce and Direct-to-Consumer Supplement Growth

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL capsules and licorice root herbal supplement tinctures rank among the top-20 botanical SKUs on Amazon's health and wellness storefront. This digital distribution expansion lowers barriers to entry for specialty licorice extract market participants and enables niche positioning around licorice anti-inflammatory properties for digestive wellness [4].

## Restraints

| Restraint | ~% Negative Impact | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition from stevia and other natural sweetener alternatives | ~22% | Global | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [10] |
| Glycyrrhizin-related health concerns at high intake levels | ~20% | North America, Europe | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [13] |
| Raw material supply concentration in limited geographies | ~18% | Global | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [15] |
| Regulatory fragmentation across botanical extract standards | ~15% | Asia-Pacific, South America | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [12] |
| Price volatility of dried licorice root feedstock | ~12% | Global | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [16] |

### Stevia and Alternative Sweetener Competition

Stevia's established distribution network and broader consumer awareness present a meaningful competitive barrier for the licorice extract market. Anise extract, with its comparable flavor profile, is often positioned as a cost-effective substitute in [confectionery](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/confectionery-market-16095) applications, further constraining licorice flavor in food and pharma market penetration in price-sensitive segments [10].

### Glycyrrhizin Safety and Dosage Concerns

The clinical literature has linked pseudoaldosteronism, hypertension, and hypokalemia to the chronic consumption of glycyrrhizin above standard thresholds. The European Food Safety Authority provides strict guidance on the requirements for unambiguous consumer labeling for elevated glycyrrhizin content in finished foods and beverages. The industrial transition to deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) variants has been expedited by the introduction of formulation complexity for manufacturers as a result of these safety regulations. DGL effectively addresses health and regulatory concerns; however, it has a narrower flavor utility in traditional candy formulations and incurs higher processing costs.

### Geographic Supply Concentration

Over 70% of global licorice root cultivation occurs in China, Iran, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. Geopolitical instability, water-scarcity pressures, and trade sanctions — particularly affecting Iranian supply — introduce procurement risk for downstream processors. The licorice extract market experienced a 14% spike in raw-material costs during Q3 2023 following drought conditions in Xinjiang province, highlighting the fragility of concentrated sourcing [15][16].

## Opportunities

### Functional Confectionery and Better-for-You Snacking

The USD 85 billion global functional food market is opening new formulation territory for glycyrrhizin licorice root extract in throat-soothing lozenges, probiotic gummies, and adaptogenic chocolates. Brands like Ricola and Läkerol are already leveraging licorice anti-inflammatory properties in product positioning, and the opportunity extends to private-label retailers seeking clean-label differentiation

### Cosmeceutical and Dermatological Applications

Glabridin, a key isoflavonoid in licorice root, has demonstrated skin-lightening and [anti-oxidative](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/antioxidants-market-10309) effects validated in dermatological studies published in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (2023). The global cosmeceuticals market — projected to exceed USD 95 billion by 2030 — represents a high-margin diversification pathway for the licorice extract market beyond traditional food and pharma channels [9].

### Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice for Gastroenterology

Deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL has shown efficacy in managing functional dyspepsia and mild gastroesophageal reflux in randomized controlled trials. With gastroenterology representing a USD 48 billion therapeutic area globally, DGL-based formulations offer a credible OTC alternative to proton pump inhibitors for mild symptoms — creating a significant volume opportunity for the licorice extract market [5][8].

## Future Outlook

### Precision Extraction and Standardization Technologies

Advanced supercritical CO₂ extraction and membrane-filtration systems are revolutionizing processing, elevating pharmaceutical-grade glycyrrhizin purities beyond standard thresholds. This technological shift replaces conventional water-extraction limitations with exceptional chemical consistency. By ensuring strict batch-to-batch uniformity, these standardized botanical profiles allow manufacturers to capture premium pricing and seamlessly enter highly regulated global therapeutic markets where clinical efficacy demands absolute purity.

### Regulatory Convergence and Codex Alimentarius Standards

The Codex Committee on Food Additives is actively evaluating harmonized maximum limits for glycyrrhizin, targeting international draft guidelines by 2028. Establishing unified global benchmarks will dramatically reduce compliance friction for cross-border trade. This regulatory shift will unlock restricted territories previously constrained by fragmented national frameworks, positioning forward-thinking companies with proactive compliance infrastructure to secure an immediate, long-term competitive advantage.

### Sustainability and Regenerative Agriculture Practices

Severe water scarcity across prominent growing regions—especially Iran and northwestern China—is accelerating the adoption of precision drip-irrigation and drought-resilient Glycyrrhiza cultivars. Backed by dedicated international development funding for sustainable agricultural infrastructure in Central Asia's production belts, these collaborative climate-adaptation initiatives mitigate environmental risks. This strategic transition directly secures the long-term volume and stability of global feedstock supplies.

### Convergence of Traditional Medicine and Evidence-Based Pharma

Supported by the WHO's strategic integration of validated botanicals into primary healthcare frameworks, both standard licorice root extract and deglycyrrhizinated licorice are positioning for institutional procurement. Driven by a surge in registered clinical trials validating therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties, this growing body of clinical evidence bridges traditional use and modern pharmacology, cementing sustained long-term pharmaceutical interest in targeted root derivatives.

## Segment Insights

### By Form

| Segment | Key Metric | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Powder | 42% market share (2025) | Nutraceutical encapsulation and food premixes |
| Paste | CAGR 5.8% | Confectionery and tobacco casing applications |
| Block | USD 0.38 B (2025) | Traditional confectionery manufacturing |
| Others (liquid, granules) | CAGR 4.5% | Cosmetic and personal-care formulations |

Powder dominates the licorice extract market by form, accounting for 42% of 2025 revenue. Its versatility across dietary supplement capsules, beverage mixes, and confectionery premixes makes it the preferred format for multi-application processors. Glycyrrhizin licorice root extract in powder form offers superior shelf stability and dosing precision, critical attributes for pharmaceutical-grade applications requiring consistent bioactive concentrations.

Paste form is gaining momentum at a 5.8% CAGR as European confectioners and tobacco manufacturers increasingly specify high-viscosity paste for direct integration into production lines. Licorice flavor in food and pharma formulations delivered through paste enables more even distribution in candy matrices and tobacco leaf casing, reducing waste and improving end-product consistency [6][7].

### By Application

| Segment | Key Metric | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Food and Beverage | USD 0.93 B (2025) | Natural sweetener and flavoring transition |
| Cosmetics and Personal Care | CAGR 6.0% | Glabridin-based skin-brightening formulations |
| Dietary Supplements | CAGR 6.3% | Gut-health and adaptogenic supplement trends |
| Tobacco Products | 16% market share (2025) | Casing and flavoring for cigarettes and shisha |
| Other Applications | USD 0.10 B (2025) | Industrial and animal-feed uses |

Food and Beverage remains the anchor application for the licorice extract market, representing USD 0.93 billion in 2025. Candy manufacturers in Europe and the Asia-Pacific are the largest volume buyers. However, functional-beverage brands in North America are creating incremental demand for glycyrrhizin licorice root extract as a natural sweetening agent in herbal teas and adaptogenic drinks. Licorice flavor in food and pharma applications extends into throat lozenges, cough syrups, and flavored oral-care products.

Dietary Supplements represent the fastest-growing application segment at 6.3% CAGR. Consumer interest in licorice root herbal supplement products — particularly deglycyrrhizinated licorice for gastrointestinal support — has accelerated since 2020. The segment benefits from growing clinical evidence supporting licorice's anti-inflammatory properties and adrenal-support claims, amplified by influencer-driven awareness on wellness-focused social media platforms [4][5][8].

## Regional Market Share Analysis

| Region | Key Metric | Primary Investment Themes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| North America | CAGR 6.1% (2026–2035) | Functional foods, DGL supplements, e-commerce |
| Europe | 36% market share (2025) | Confectionery, clean-label, pharmaceutical-grade |
| Asia-Pacific | USD 0.69 B (2025) | Raw-material processing, pharma-grade extraction |
| South America | CAGR 4.6% (2026–2035) | Herbal supplement adoption, import substitution |
| Middle East & Africa | USD 0.15 B (2025) | Tobacco flavoring, traditional medicine |
| Total | USD 2.45 B (2025) | — |

The licorice extract market exhibits distinct regional demand patterns shaped by culinary traditions, pharmaceutical regulatory frameworks, and raw-material proximity. Europe's entrenched confectionery culture contrasts with North America's supplement-driven growth engine, while Asia-Pacific blends upstream supply dominance with expanding downstream processing capacity.

### North America

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| US | 78% of regional share | DGL supplement and functional food demand |
| Canada | CAGR 5.9% | Natural health product regulatory alignment |
| Mexico | USD 0.03 B (2025) | Growing confectionery import channel |

The US dominates North America's licorice extract market, with the dietary supplement channel expanding at nearly double the global average. FDA's 2024 draft guidance on botanical ingredient identity testing has increased compliance costs but simultaneously raised entry barriers that benefit established players. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL is now stocked in over 14,000 US retail locations, up from 9,200 in 2021 [4][7].

### Europe

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | USD 0.14 B (2025) | Pharmaceutical and personal-care formulation |
| UK | CAGR 4.9% | Herbal supplement and wellness retail growth |
| France | 9% of regional share | Cosmeceutical ingredient sourcing |
| Italy | CAGR 4.7% | Confectionery heritage — Amarelli tradition |
| Spain | USD 0.05 B (2025) | Growing natural extract processing capacity |
| Nordic Countries | 22% of the regional share | Highest per-capita licorice consumption globally |
| Russia | CAGR 3.8% | Pharmaceutical demand, domestic root cultivation |
| Rest of Europe | USD 0.12 B (2025) | Expanding clean-label food manufacturing |

Europe's position as the dominant region in the licorice extract market rests on deep-rooted confectionery traditions and a mature pharmaceutical-grade extraction sector. The Nordic countries consume more licorice per capita than any other global market, and Dutch manufacturers process an estimated 12,000 metric tons annually. Glycyrrhizin licorice root extract sourcing in this region increasingly favors certified-organic and Fair Trade supply chains [6].

### Asia-Pacific

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| China | 48% of regional share | Vertically integrated root-to-extract supply chain |
| India | CAGR 6.4% | Ayurvedic and traditional medicine formulations |
| Japan | USD 0.09 B (2025) | Pharma-grade glycyrrhizin for hepatitis treatments |
| South Korea | CAGR 5.6% | K-beauty cosmeceutical applications |
| ASEAN | USD 0.04 B (2025) | Emerging supplement and functional food channels |
| Rest of Asia-Pacific | CAGR 4.3% | Agricultural diversification into licorice root |

China remains the supply backbone of the global licorice extract market, with Xinjiang, Gansu, and Inner Mongolia provinces accounting for the vast majority of cultivated Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Japanese pharmaceutical companies have used glycyrrhizin licorice root extract in approved hepatitis and gastritis formulations for decades, creating a stable institutional demand floor. India's Ayurvedic sector — anchored by licorice root herbal supplement traditions going back millennia — is rapidly modernizing toward standardized extract products [8][15].

### South America

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brazil | 62% of regional share | Herbal supplement and cosmetic import growth |
| Argentina | CAGR 4.4% | Natural ingredient sourcing for mate-based beverages |
| Rest of South America | USD 0.03 B (2025) | Traditional medicine and tobacco applications |

South America's licorice extract market is predominantly import-dependent, with Brazil sourcing over 85% of its glycyrrhizin licorice root extract from Chinese and Turkish suppliers. Rising health consciousness among urban Brazilian consumers is expanding the addressable market for licorice root herbal supplement products, particularly through pharmacy chains and e-commerce platforms[12].

### Middle East & Africa

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Saudi Arabia | 28% of the regional share | Tobacco flavoring and traditional medicine |
| UAE | CAGR 5.3% | Premium personal-care and supplement retail |
| South Africa | USD 0.02 B (2025) | Growing herbal supplement awareness |
| Egypt | CAGR 4.1% | Traditional erq sous (licorice drink) consumption |
| Rest of MEA | 22% of the regional share | Tobacco and traditional use |

The Middle East & Africa region's engagement with the licorice extract market spans centuries of traditional beverage and medicinal use. Licorice flavor in food and pharma applications — particularly in shisha tobacco casing — provides a steady baseline demand in the Gulf states. The UAE's positioning as a regional wellness hub is catalyzing premium deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL product distribution [7][16].

## Competitive Benchmarking

The licorice extract market exhibits low concentration, with no single company commanding more than 10% global revenue share. The estimated HHI index sits below 800, reflecting a fragmented landscape of regional processors, vertically integrated growers, and specialty ingredient distributors. The top five players collectively hold approximately 30–35% of the market, with competitive dynamics shaped by raw-material access, extraction technology, and geographic proximity to end-use industries.

| Company | Est. Revenue Share Range | Key Offerings for Licorice Extract Market | Strategic Positioning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mafco Worldwide LLC | ~6–9% | Standardized glycyrrhizin extracts, DGL powders | U.S.-based, pharma and food-grade focus |
| Norevo GmbH | ~5–8% | Licorice blocks, pastes, powders for confectionery | European leader in confectionery-grade supply |
| Amarelli S.r.l. | ~3–5% | Premium artisanal licorice products and extracts | Heritage Italian brand with DOP positioning |
| F&C Licorice Ltd. | ~3–5% | Industrial-grade licorice paste and powder | Integrated supply from the Uzbek root cultivation |
| Zagros Licorice Co. | ~3–5% | Crude and refined licorice extracts | Iran-based, competitive pricing on bulk supply |
| Sepidan Osareh Co. | ~2–4% | Pharmaceutical-grade glycyrrhizin extracts | Middle East pharma and tobacco supply chain |
| Ransom Naturals Ltd. | ~2–4% | Confectionery licorice extracts and flavors | UK-based, serving European candy manufacturers |
| Shaanxi Fujie Pharmaceutical | ~2–4% | Standardized herbal extracts for pharma | Chinese pharma-grade extraction specialist |
| Maruzen Pharmaceuticals Co. | ~2–3% | High-purity glycyrrhizin for therapeutic use | Japanese pharmaceutical and cosmetic supply |
| VPL Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. | ~1–3% | Licorice derivatives for food and tobacco | Indian processor with a growing export footprint |

## Recent News & Developments

- Shaanxi Fujie Pharmaceutical (September 2024): Secured GMP certification for its Xianyang extraction plant, enabling direct pharmaceutical-grade export to Japanese and South Korean markets [8].

- Natural Remedies (2026): In January 2026, Natural Remedies announced a human clinical study on its patented deglycyrrhizinated licorice extract GutGard, expanding its scientific evidence base for digestive health.

- [Norevo GmbH](https://www.norevo.com/) (2026): In January 2026, Norevo GmbH updated its official confectionery portfolio, launching standardized licorice extract lines across distinct formats, including granules, powders, pastes, and solid blocks.

## Report Scope

| Parameter | Detail |
| --- | --- |
| Market Scope | Global licorice extract market — all commercial forms and applications |
| Study Period | 2021–2035 |
| CAGR | 5.15% (2026–2035) |
| Market Size (2025) | USD 2.45 Billion |
| Market Size (2035) | USD 4.05 Billion |
| Fastest Growing Segment | Dietary Supplements (by application); North America (by region) |
| Companies Profiled | 10 major players across extraction, processing, and distribution |
| Valuation Currency | USD (constant 2025 dollars) |

## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: How does glycyrrhizin content affect pricing tiers in the licorice extract market?**
A: Extracts standardized above 20% glycyrrhizin command 40–60% price premiums over crude grades. Pharmaceutical buyers pay the highest per-kilogram rates for 95%+ purity isolates [5].

**Q: What shelf-life considerations should procurement teams evaluate for licorice extract sourcing?**
A: Powder-form extracts maintain potency for 24–36 months under controlled storage, while paste degrades faster due to moisture content. Accelerated-stability testing per ICH Q1A guidelines is recommended before long-term contracts [6].

**Q: How does deglycyrrhizinated licorice DGL compare to full-spectrum extract for supplement formulations?**
A: DGL removes glycyrrhizin to eliminate hypertension risk, making it preferred for daily-use digestive supplements. Full-spectrum retains broader bioactive diversity but requires dosage warnings [13].

**Q: What quality certifications matter most for cross-border licorice extract trade?**
A: ISO 22000, FSSC 22000, and USP verification are the most requested by EU and US importers. GMP certification is mandatory for pharma-destined shipments [7].

**Q: How are climate risks in Central Asian growing regions affecting supply contracts?**
A: Drought frequency in Xinjiang and Uzbekistan has pushed buyers toward 2–3 year forward contracts with price-escalation clauses. Diversification into Turkish and Afghan root sourcing is accelerating [15].

**Q: What role does licorice extract play in tobacco harm-reduction products?**
A: Licorice paste remains a standard casing ingredient in combustible cigarettes and shisha tobacco, providing moisture retention and flavor smoothing. Its use in heated-tobacco products is under evaluation [7].

**Q: Are precision-fermentation alternatives a near-term threat to the licorice extract market?**
A: Biosynthetic glycyrrhizin production remains at laboratory scale with costs exceeding natural extraction by 8–10x. Commercial viability is unlikely before 2032 at the earliest [10].


## Sources

[3] Source: International Food Information Council, "2024 Food & Health Survey," IFIC, 2024 (foodinsight.org)
[4] Source: SPINS LLC, "Natural Channel Supplement Performance Data," SPINS, 2024 (spins.com)
[5] Source: Pastorino, G. et al., "Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review," Phytotherapy Research, 2018
[6] Source: Confectionery Production, "European Licorice Ingredient Sourcing Trends," 2024 (confectioneryproduction.com)
[7] Source: US Food & Drug Administration, "Draft Guidance: Botanical Ingredient Identity Testing," FDA, 2023 (fda.gov)
[8] Source: Wahab, S. et al., "Glycyrrhizin as a promising bioactive: A review on metabolites and pharmacological properties," Journal of Heliyon, 2021 (sciencedirect.com)
[9] Source: Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, "Glabridin efficacy in skin-lightening: A systematic review," 2023
[10] Source: International Stevia Council, "Global Stevia Market Update," ISC, 2024 (internationalsteviacouncil.org)
[12] Source: Codex Alimentarius Commission, "Discussion Paper: Glycyrrhizin Maximum Levels in Food," FAO/WHO, 2024 (fao.org)
[15] Source: World Bank, "Central Asia Water and Energy Program — Sustainable Agriculture," 2024 (worldbank.org)
[16] Source: UN Comtrade, "HS 1302.12 — Licorice Extract Trade Flow Data," 2024 (comtrade.un.org)

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