The secondary research process involved comprehensive analysis of regulatory databases, transportation authority publications, urban planning reports, and authoritative mobility organizations. Key sources included the US Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport (DG MOVE), European Environment Agency (EEA), International Transport Forum (ITF/OECD), International Association of Public Transport (UITP), Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), Shared-Use Mobility Center (SUMC), National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), World Bank Transport Global Practice, International Energy Agency (IEA) Global EV Outlook, UN-Habitat Urban Mobility Reports, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, Eurostat Transport Statistics, US Census Bureau American Community Survey, Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), and national transport ministry reports from key markets.
Data on vehicle deployment statistics, regulatory framework data, infrastructure investment trends, urban mobility patterns, emission reduction targets, and competitive landscape analysis for electric scooters, electric bicycles, shared mobility services, and skateboards in commercial and private applications were gathered from these sources.