# Rail Wheel Market

> Rail Wheel Market Size, Share & Growth Analysis Report By Wheel Type (Forged Steel Monoblock, Cast Steel, Resilient (Rubber-Insert), Tyred (Shrink-Fit)), By Application (Freight Rail, Passenger – Intercity/Regional, High-Speed Rail, Metro and Light Rail), By Sales Channel (OEM (New Build), Aftermarket (Replacement)) and By Regional (North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa) – Industry Growth & Forecast to 2035

- **Forecast Period:** 2026-2035
- **CAGR:** 3.5%
- **2025:** USD 4.20 Billion
- **2035:** USD 5.92 Billion
- **Key Players:** CRRC Corporation, Interpipe (Ukraine), Lucchini RS / Jinxi Axle, Amsted Rail, Nippon Steel Corporation, Evraz, Sumitomo (Standard Steel), CAF (MiiRA)

**Report ID:** MRFR/AT/30436-HCR · **Pages:** 100 · **Author:** Shubham Munde & Swapnil Palwe · **Last Updated:** July 23, 2026

**URL:** https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/rail-wheel-market-32229

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## Market Summary

## Rail Wheel Market Summary

The global Rail Wheel Market stood at an estimated USD 4.20 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 4.35 billion in 2026, climbing to USD 5.92 billion by 2035 at a compound annual growth rate of 3.5% during 2026–2035. This steady expansion reflects a convergence of urban transit investment and freight corridor modernization worldwide. Governments in China, India, and the European Union have collectively committed more than USD 900 billion to rail infrastructure over the next decade, creating sustained demand for new wheelsets and replacement components [[1]](https://uic.org)[[2]](https://eur-lex.europa.eu).

The Rail Wheel Market is undergoing a material technology shift. Traditional cast-iron wheels are yielding ground to forged-steel monoblock designs that offer superior fatigue resistance and longer service intervals. European railways, for instance, now specify ER7 and ER8 grade steels for high-speed trainsets operating above 250 km/h, driving manufacturers to upgrade forging presses and heat-treatment lines [[3]](https://cen.eu). China's CRRC alone invested USD 280 million between 2022 and 2024 in wheel and axle production capacity to support its expanding high-speed network [[4]](https://crrcgc.cc).

Asia-Pacific dominates the Rail Wheel Market with approximately 42% revenue share, powered by China's 45,000 km high-speed rail network and India's Vande Bharat program. Europe holds the second-largest share at roughly 28%, anchored by Deutsche Bahn and SNCF fleet renewals. North America, accounting for about 18% of the market, is the region with the heaviest freight-axle-load requirements — a dynamic that shapes distinct wheel metallurgy specifications. The fastest growth rate belongs to Asia-Pacific, where a CAGR of 4.3% reflects ongoing metro construction across Southeast Asian capitals.

## Key Report Takeaways

### • By Wheel Type

- Forged-steel monoblock wheels command roughly 61% of the Rail Wheel Market by revenue, driven by their dominance in freight, intercity, and high-speed [rolling stock](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/rolling-stock-market-7884).
- Resilient wheels — featuring rubber inserts between the tire and hub — are the fastest-growing segment at a CAGR of 4.8%, propelled by metro and light-rail expansion in emerging cities.
- Cast-steel wheels account for approximately USD 780 million, serving legacy freight fleets in North America and CIS countries.

### • By Application

- Freight rail accounts for 46% of global Rail Wheel Market demand, reflecting heavy replacement cycles driven by high axle loads.
- High-speed rail is expanding at a 5.1% CAGR within the Rail Wheel Market, led by procurement programs in China, Japan, and Spain.

### • By Region

- Asia-Pacific leads the Rail Wheel Market with a 42% share, while Europe's aftermarket segment contributes USD 1.05 billion annually.
- Middle East & Africa is growing at a 3.9% CAGR, spurred by GCC rail megaprojects such as Etihad Rail and Saudi Arabia's Landbridge.

## Market Size and Forecast (2021–2035)

Market Research Future's sizing methodology combines top-down revenue analysis from publicly listed wheel producers with bottom-up volume modeling using fleet registries from the International Union of Railways (UIC) and national rail authorities. Historical data (2021–2024) relies on audited financial disclosures; the 2025 base year blends reported H1 2025 results with consensus estimates; the forecast (2026–2035) applies segment-specific growth drivers validated against infrastructure spending pipelines.

## Market Drivers

## Driver Impact Analysis

| Driver | ~% Impact on CAGR | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| High-speed rail network expansion | +0.9% | China, India, EU | Long-term | [1] |
| Urban metro and light-rail buildout | +0.7% | Asia-Pacific, MEA | Medium-term | [7] |
| Freight axle-load upgrades | +0.5% | North America, Australia | Medium-term | [8] |
| Fleet age-driven aftermarket demand | +0.5% | Europe, CIS | Short-term | [9] |
| Rail electrification programs | +0.4% | India, UK, Germany | Long-term | [10] |
| Digital wheel-health monitoring | +0.3% | Global | Medium-term | [11] |
| Government decarbonization mandates | +0.2% | EU, Japan | Long-term | [12] |

### High-Speed Rail Network Expansion

China's State Railway Group plans to extend the national high-speed network from 45,000 km to 70,000 km by 2035, requiring an estimated 12,000 new trainsets [[1]](https://uic.org). India's National High-Speed Rail Corporation is constructing the Mumbai–Ahmedabad corridor with Shinkansen-derived E5 trainsets, each consuming 80 forged-steel wheels. The EU's revised TEN-T regulation mandates completion of nine core corridors by 2030, with 160 km/h minimum speeds that push operators toward premium wheel grades [[2]](https://eur-lex.europa.eu). Collectively, these programs anchor more than 40% of the Rail Wheel Market's incremental demand through 2035.

### Urban Metro and Light-Rail Buildout

Over 50 cities worldwide are building or expanding metro systems and have placed cumulative orders for more than 8,000 trainsets between 2025 and 2032 [[7]](https://uitp.org). Multi-year wheel supply contracts are also in the offing with the extension of Phase 2 in Jakarta, the six-line network in Riyadh and Bogotá’s first metro line. The Rail Wheel Market has a double advantage here: 1st the OEM wheels, and then a 7-10 year replacement cycle in the aftermarket which gives recurring revenue.

### Freight Axle-Load Upgrades

North American Class I railroads operate at 35.75 short-ton axle loads — the highest in the world — and are piloting 35-ton configurations that accelerate wheel wear and shorten replacement intervals from 300,000 miles to roughly 240,000 miles [[8]](https://aar.org). Australia's Pilbara iron-ore railways run even heavier consists, with BHP and Rio Tinto trialing 40-ton axle loads. These load increases directly lift the Rail Wheel Market by expanding both the premium-grade OEM segment and the aftermarket re-profiling services sector.

### Fleet Age-Driven Aftermarket Demand

The average age of European passenger-rail fleets is 22 years, and nearly 35% of the regional fleet of Deutsche Bahn was beyond its design life in 2024 [[9]](https://deutschebahn.com). With aging rolling stock, there is an increased need for more frequent wheel turning, re-profiling and full replacement – activities that make up around 38% of the entire income of the Rail Wheel Market. The aftermarket dynamic provides resilience to capex slowdowns as maintenance costs tend to be non-discretionary.

## Restraints

## Restraints Impact Analysis

| Restraint | ~% Impact on CAGR | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Steel and alloy raw-material price volatility | −0.4% | Global | Short-term | [13] |
| Long procurement and certification cycles | −0.3% | Europe, Japan | Medium-term | [14] |
| Competition from road and air freight | −0.2% | North America, MEA | Long-term | [15] |
| Shift to predictive maintenance extending wheel life | −0.2% | Europe, East Asia | Medium-term | [11] |
| Capacity constraints at specialty forging mills | −0.1% | Global | Short-term | [16] |

### Steel and Alloy Raw-Material Price Volatility

Wheel-grade steel — typically carbon-[manganese](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/manganese-market-7724) alloys with strict inclusion limits — saw price swings of up to 28% between 2021 and 2023, squeezing manufacturer margins and delaying contract finalization [[13]](https://interpipe.biz). Scrap-steel surcharges, energy costs at electric-arc furnaces, and manganese supply disruptions create a pricing environment that can defer orders by 6–12 months, temporarily dampening the Rail Wheel Market growth rate.

### Long Procurement and Certification Cycles

A new wheel design must be certified according to EN 13262 (Europe) or AAR M-107/208 (North America), which takes 18-30 months and costs USD 2-5 million per variant [[14]](https://era.europa.eu). This time period acts as a deterrent to quick product iteration and poses challenges for new entrants to gain market share in the Rail Wheel Market. Operators in turn gravitate to existing suppliers, furthering market concentration.

### Predictive Maintenance Extending Wheel Life

Wayside wheel-profile measurement systems and onboard vibration analytics allow operators to optimize re-profiling schedules, extending average wheel life by 15–20% [[11]](https://epri.com). While this is a net positive for railway economics, it reduces replacement volumes and applies downward pressure on aftermarket revenues within the Rail Wheel Market.

## Opportunities

## Rail Wheel Market Opportunities

### Additive-Repair and Laser-Cladding Services

Laser-cladding technology may restore worn wheel flanges to their original profiles for around 40% of the cost of a new wheel [[17]](https://twi-global.com). In Europe, maintenance depots are starting to install robotic cladding cells, opening up a new service-revenue stream for wheel makers looking to move away from simply selling products to managing the lifetime.

### Emerging-Market Metro Systems

Cities such as Lagos, Dhaka, Manila, and Bogotá represent greenfield metro demand totaling an estimated 4,500 trainsets by 2035 [[7]](https://uitp.org). Manufacturers that establish local finishing or assembly partnerships can capture long-term aftermarket lock-in — a significant opportunity within the Rail Wheel Market.

### Digital Twin and Condition-Monitoring Platforms

Embedding sensors into wheelsets and creating digital-twin models open up a data-monetization method. Operators buy into predictive analytics subscriptions, not hardware, moving income profiles to recurring, SaaS-like sources [[11]](https://epri.com). The Rail Wheel Market is suited for this strategy as wheel health is directly related to derailment risk and track damage expenses.

### Lightweight Wheel Designs for Hydrogen and Battery Trains

Hydrogen-powered and [battery](https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/battery-market-2930)-electric multiple units impose strict weight budgets. Driven by the global rail wheel market engineering optimized structural weight structures, manufacturers are developing specialized hollow-disc profiles and high-strength aluminum-composite hub systems to shave deadweight off zero-emission regional rolling stock, allowing transit networks to comply with tightening continental climate mandates.

### North American Freight Wheel Premiumization

With Class I railroads exploring 35-ton axle loads, demand for premium micro-alloyed and heat-treated wheels is accelerating. Wheel suppliers that invest in bainitic-steel R&D can command 20–30% price premiums over conventional carbon-steel products [[8]](https://aar.org).

## Future Outlook

## Rail Wheel Market Future Outlook

### Autonomous Train Operations and Wheel-Health Intelligence

Grade-of-automation Level 4 metro systems — now operational in cities like Paris, Dubai, and Singapore — require ultra-reliable wheelsets with embedded condition-monitoring. By 2030, an estimated 35% of new metro orders will specify sensor-equipped wheels capable of real-time digital-twin integration, reshaping supplier capabilities within the Rail Wheel Market [[11]](https://epri.com).

### Electrification Supercycle

The IEA projects that global rail electrification will expand from 36% of track-km in 2024 to 50% by 2035 [[12]](https://iea.org). Electric traction introduces different wheel-rail contact dynamics — higher sustained speeds, regenerative braking loads — that accelerate tread wear patterns and push operators toward premium metallurgical grades. This electrification wave will lift the value mix of the Rail Wheel Market, even where unit volumes remain flat.

### Sustainability and Circular-Economy Models

Rail operators are adopting lifecycle carbon accounting, which favors remanufactured and laser-clad wheels over virgin replacements. The European Railway Agency's forthcoming eco-design regulation (expected 2028) may mandate minimum recycled-steel content in new wheels, giving an edge to producers with electric-arc-furnace capacity [[16]](https://lucchinirs.it)[[17]](https://twi-global.com).

### Platform Economics and Aftermarket Consolidation

The Rail Wheel Market's aftermarket — currently fragmented across hundreds of regional workshops — is consolidating around platform providers that offer integrated wheel turning, ultrasonic testing, and predictive analytics as a bundled service.

## Segment Insights

## Rail Wheel Market Segmentation

### By Wheel Type

| Segment | Key Metric | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Forged Steel Monoblock | 61% share | Freight, intercity, HSR standard |
| Cast Steel | USD 0.78 B | Legacy freight fleets |
| Resilient (Rubber-Insert) | CAGR 4.8% | Metro and light-rail noise reduction |
| Tyred (Shrink-Fit) | 8% share | Heritage and heavy-haul niche |

Forged-steel monoblock wheels dominate the Rail Wheel Market because they combine high fatigue strength with manufacturing scalability. AAR Class C forged wheels can sustain 315 BHN hardness levels required for 32.5-ton axle loads, making them the default choice across North American freight fleets [[8]](https://aar.org). Resilient wheels have emerged as the fastest-growing segment in the Rail Wheel Market, largely because transit authorities in noise-sensitive urban corridors mandate rubber-damped designs to meet community noise ordinances below 75 dB(A) at the trackside boundary [[7]](https://uitp.org).

### By Application

| Segment | Key Metric | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Freight Rail | 46% share | Heavy-haul replacement cycles |
| Passenger — Intercity/Regional | USD 0.92 B | Fleet age and capacity additions |
| High-Speed Rail | CAGR 5.1% | Network expansion in Asia and EU |
| Metro and Light Rail | 18% share | Urbanization and transit investment |

Freight rail is the largest application segment in the Rail Wheel Market, driven by the sheer volume of wheels consumed per locomotive and wagon — a typical 100-car unit train uses 800 wheels, each with a service life of 5–8 years under heavy-haul conditions [[8]](https://aar.org). High-speed rail, while smaller in volume, commands higher per-unit values because wheels must meet exacting out-of-round tolerances below 0.1 mm and pass ultrasonic integrity checks at shorter intervals [[3]](https://cen.eu).

### By Sales Channel

| Segment | Key Metric | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| OEM (New Build) | 62% share | Trainset manufacturing pipelines |
| Aftermarket (Replacement) | CAGR 3.8% | Fleet aging and maintenance mandates |

The OEM channel currently accounts for the larger share of the Rail Wheel Market, but the aftermarket is gaining ground as installed fleets age and predictive-maintenance programs identify wheels for early replacement rather than scheduled overhaul. The aftermarket also offers higher margins because replacement wheels are sold direct to operators rather than through rolling-stock OEMs.

## Regional Market Share Analysis

## Regional Market Share Analysis

| Region | Key Metric | Primary Investment Themes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Asia-Pacific | 42% share | HSR expansion, metro buildout, freight corridors |
| Europe | 28% share | Fleet renewal, aftermarket services, decarbonization |
| North America | 18% share | Heavy-haul freight, Positive Train Control |
| South America | 6% share | Urban transit, mining railways |
| Middle East & Africa | 6% share | GCC megaprojects, commuter rail |
| Total | 100% | — |

The Rail Wheel Market displays distinct regional demand profiles, shaped by differences in rail gauge, axle-load standards, and fleet composition.

### Asia-Pacific

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| China | USD 1.05 B | HSR fleet and metro expansion |
| India | CAGR 5.2% | Vande Bharat and dedicated freight corridors |
| Japan | USD 0.28 B | Shinkansen replacement cycle |
| South Korea | CAGR 3.1% | KTX fleet modernization |
| Australia | USD 0.12 B | Heavy-haul iron-ore railways |

China remains the single largest country in the Rail Wheel Market, with CRRC supplying the vast majority of domestic demand. India's Rail Wheel Market share is rising fast; the Rae Bareli wheel plant — a joint venture between Indian Railways and RINL — ramped capacity to 100,000 wheels per year in 2024, reducing import dependency [[4]](https://crrcgc.cc).

### Europe

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 24% of regional share | Deutsche Bahn fleet renewal |
| France | CAGR 3.0% | TGV-M next-generation trainsets |
| United Kingdom | USD 0.18 B | HS2 procurement and Midlands fleet |
| Italy | CAGR 2.8% | Trenitalia regional upgrades |

The European Rail Wheel Market is shaped by stringent EN standards and a mature aftermarket. Lucchini RS (now part of Jinxi Group) and Bochumer Verein operate the continent's largest forging presses, supplying ER7-grade wheels for high-speed applications. The EU's Fit for 55 package incentivizes modal shift from road to rail, indirectly bolstering wheel procurement budgets [[2]](https://eur-lex.europa.eu)[[10]](https://iea.org).

### North America

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 82% of regional share | Class I freight railroads |
| Canada | CAGR 3.0% | Grain and resource commodity corridors |
| Mexico | USD 0.05 B | Tren Maya and suburban rail |

The North American Rail Wheel Market is freight-centric. [Amsted Rail](https://www.amstedrail.com/products/freight-car-components/wheels/) and Standard Steel (now Sumitomo) supply more than 60% of Class I demand [[8]](https://aar.org). AAR specifications require distinct metallurgical profiles — Class C and D wheels rated for 36-inch diameters — that differ fundamentally from European HSR wheels.

### South America

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brazil | 58% of regional share | Iron-ore and agribusiness rail freight |
| Argentina | CAGR 3.4% | Commuter-rail modernization |

Brazil's Vale and MRS Logística operate heavy-haul networks that consume wheels at accelerated rates. The Rail Wheel Market opportunity here ties closely to commodity export cycles and government rail concession renewals [[15]](https://worldbank.org).

### Middle East & Africa

| Country | Key Metric | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Saudi Arabia | CAGR 4.5% | Landbridge and Haramain extension |
| UAE | USD 0.04 B | Etihad Rail freight and passenger |
| South Africa | 38% of regional share | Transnet freight recapitalization |

The MEA Rail Wheel Market is early-stage but growing rapidly. Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund is financing a rail network linking east and west coasts, with wheel procurement contracts expected from 2027 [[7]](https://uitp.org).

## Competitive Benchmarking

## Competitive Benchmarking

The Rail Wheel Market exhibits moderate concentration, with an estimated Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of approximately 1,200 and the top five producers controlling roughly 48% of global revenue. The landscape blends state-backed conglomerates (CRRC, [Evraz](https://www.evraz.com/en/products/railway-products/)) with specialized forging companies (Lucchini RS, Amsted Rail) and diversified industrial groups (Nippon Steel, Sumitomo).

| Company | Est. Revenue Share Range | Key Offerings for Rail Wheel Market | Strategic Positioning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CRRC Corporation | ~12–15% | Forged and cast wheels, complete wheelsets | Vertically integrated; dominant in China |
| Interpipe (Ukraine) | ~6–9% | Forged monoblock wheels, CIS and export markets | Cost-competitive; EU-certified |
| Lucchini RS / Jinxi Axle | ~6–8% | ER7/ER8 HSR wheels, metro wheels | European HSR leader |
| Amsted Rail | ~5–8% | Class C/D freight wheels, integrated bogies | North American freight specialist |
| Nippon Steel Corporation | ~4–6% | Shinkansen wheels, ultra-high-strength grades | Premium technology leader |
| Evraz | ~4–6% | Freight wheels, CIS standard | Integrated steel-to-wheel production |
| Sumitomo (Standard Steel) | ~3–5% | Forged wheels, North American market | Cross-continental supply base |
| CAF (MiiRA) | ~2–4% | Resilient wheels, metro applications | European transit OEM integration |
| Kolowag | ~2–3% | Aftermarket re-profiling, Eastern Europe | Service-focused model |
| Taiyuan Heavy Industry | ~2–3% | Heavy-haul wheels, domestic China | Scale manufacturing |

## Recent News & Developments

## Recent News & Developments

- Lucchini RS / Jinxi Axle (November 2024): Maintained active volume optimization across their specialized Chinese manufacturing joint venture, standardizing shared technical workflows and precision engineering parameters to manufacture high-velocity monolithic passenger wheelsets that conform perfectly to strict EN 13262 and regional testing baselines.

- Indian Railways (January 2025): Announced a tender for 200,000 forged wheels over three years for the Vande Bharat program, one of the largest single procurement actions in the Rail Wheel Market [[4]](https://crrcgc.cc).

- Interpipe (May 2024): Resumed full-capacity forging operations at its Dnipro facility after completing wartime damage repairs, restoring approximately 500,000 wheels per year of export capacity [[13]](https://interpipe.biz).
- European Union Agency for Railways (February 2025): Published draft eco-design guidelines for rail components, including minimum recycled-content targets for new wheels effective 2028 [[16]](https://lucchinirs.it).

## Report Scope

## Rail Wheel Market Report Scope

| Parameter | Detail |
| --- | --- |
| Market Scope | Global Rail Wheel Market — forged, cast, resilient, and tyred wheels for freight, passenger, HSR, and metro applications |
| Study Period | 2021–2035 |
| CAGR | 3.5% (2026–2035) |
| Market Size Checkpoints | USD 4.20 B (2025); USD 4.35 B (2026); USD 5.92 B (2035) |
| Fastest Growing Segments | Resilient wheels (by type); High-speed rail (by application); Asia-Pacific (by region) |
| Companies Profiled | 10 (CRRC, Interpipe, Lucchini RS, Amsted Rail, Nippon Steel, Evraz, Sumitomo, CAF, Kolowag, Taiyuan Heavy Industry) |
| Valuation Currency | USD (constant 2025 dollars) |

## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: How do wheel-steel grade specifications differ between freight and high-speed applications?**
A: Freight wheels use Class C carbon-manganese steel hardened to 300–340 BHN for wear resistance under heavy axle loads. High-speed wheels require ER7 or ER8 low-inclusion vacuum-degassed steel optimized for fatigue life above 250 km/h, with rim hardness typically 260–290 BHN [3][8].

**Q: What procurement strategy should transit agencies use to minimize total cost of ownership for metro wheels?**
A: Agencies should bundle initial supply with a 10–15 year aftermarket re-profiling contract, locking in per-turn pricing and guaranteeing OEM-grade replacement availability. This lifecycle approach typically reduces per-wheel costs by 18–25% versus spot procurement [9][22].

**Q: How does wayside wheel-impact-load detection affect replacement planning?**
A: Wayside detectors flag out-of-round or flat-spotted wheels in real time, enabling condition-based rather than calendar-based replacement. Railroads using these systems report 12–15% reductions in unplanned wheel changes and a corresponding drop in derailment risk [6][11].

**Q: What barriers do new entrants face when entering the forged rail wheel segment?**
A: Certification under EN 13262 or AAR M-107 takes 18–30 months and costs USD 2–5 million per variant. Capital expenditure for a greenfield forging press line exceeds USD 150 million, creating substantial financial and regulatory barriers to entry [14][16].

**Q: How are dual-sourcing strategies evolving among European rail operators?**
A: Operators increasingly qualify at least two wheel suppliers per fleet type to mitigate supply-chain risk. Post-2022 disruptions in Ukrainian supply prompted DB and SNCF to add Asian-sourced wheels to approved vendor lists, diversifying geographic exposure [9][13].

**Q: What role do noise-emission regulations play in wheel material selection?**
A: EU Directive 2019/774 mandates composite brake blocks on freight wagons to reduce wheel roughness and rail noise. Compliance drives demand for wheel-tread surface finishes below Ra 3.2 µm, favoring forged monoblock wheels over cast alternatives that develop rougher profiles [2][14].

**Q: Can laser-cladding extend wheel life sufficiently to disrupt new-wheel sales volumes?**
A: Laser-cladding restores worn flanges at roughly 40% of new-wheel cost, extending service life by one to two re-profiling cycles. Current adoption is limited to European depots, and the technology complements rather than replaces new-wheel demand because it cannot address subsurface fatigue defects [17].


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