# Flat Steel Market

> Flat Steel Market Research Report Information By Product Type (Sheets and Strips, and Plates), By Production Process (Basic Oxygen Furnace, Electric Arc Furnace, and Others), By End-User Industry (Building and Infrastructure, Mechanical Equipment, Automotive and Other Transport, Renewable Energy and Power Equipment, and Other End-Use Sectors), And By Region (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World) – Market Forecast Till 2035.

- **Forecast Period:** 2026-2035
- **CAGR:** 6.2%
- **2025:** USD 753.6 Million
- **2035:** USD 1,377.1 Million
- **Key Players:** China Baowu Steel Group, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel Corporation, HBIS Group, POSCO, Ansteel Group, JFE Steel, Tata Steel

**Report ID:** MRFR/CnM/1353-HCR · **Pages:** 185 · **Author:** Chitranshi Jaiswal · **Last Updated:** October 29, 2026

**URL:** https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/flat-steel-market-1885

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## Market Summary

As per Market Research Future analysis, the flat steel market size was estimated at 512.72 USD Billion in 2024. The Flat Steel industry is projected to grow from 543.49 USD Billion in 2025 to 973.5 USD Billion by 2035, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6% during the forecast period 2025 - 2035

## Market Drivers

## Driver Impact Analysis

The impact estimates below indicate the directional contribution of each driver to the Flat Steel Market growth rate. They overlap in practice, so they are not additive and should not be summed to reproduce the headline CAGR.

| Driver | ~% Impact on CAGR | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Public infrastructure and construction spending | +1.3% | Asia-Pacific, North America | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [5][22] |
| Wind, solar and grid build-out | +1.0% | Global, led by China and Europe | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [8][9] |
| Electric vehicles and lightweighting | +0.8% | China, Europe, North America | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [10] |
| Indian capacity expansion and specialty incentives | +0.7% | India | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [6][7] |
| EAF transition and low-emission product premiums | +0.5% | Europe, North America | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [11] |
| Coated product demand in roofing and appliances | +0.4% | Asia-Pacific, Middle East | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [1] |
| Trade measures favoring domestic sourcing | +0.3% | United States, EU | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [4][23] |

### Public Infrastructure and Construction Spending

Regardless of cycles in private housing, large public programs maintain a constant demand for plate and structural coils. The US Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act allots around USD 550 billion in additional federal funding for power, water, rail, and bridges [5]. The 2025–2026 budget increased capital investment to INR 11.21 lakh crore, with the National Infrastructure Pipeline in India aiming for around USD 1.4 trillion in projects [22]. Heavy gage plates and coated coils are used in large quantities in bridge decks, metro systems, and prefabricated buildings.

### Wind, Solar and Grid Build-Out

Steel is used extensively in renewable energy projects. A record 117 GW of new wind capacity was registered by the Global Wind Energy Council in 2024 [8]. Depending on hub height, each megawatt tower requires well over 100 tons of plate. In 2024, IRENA reported 585 GW of renewable additions [9], with metallic-coated coil being consumed by solar trackers and mounting structures. Transmission towers, substation buildings, and transformer cores are added to the demand base as a result of grid growth.

### Electric Vehicles and Lightweighting

Global electric car sales exceeded 17 million units in 2024, according to the IEA [10]. Battery enclosures, crash structures and motor laminations demand advanced high-strength and electrical grades rather than commodity coil. Producers are qualifying third-generation automotive steel grades that cut body-in-white weight by 15–25% without switching to aluminium. The shift raises value per tonne even where total vehicle output grows modestly.

### Indian Capacity Expansion and Specialty Incentives

India's National Steel Policy targets 300 million tonnes of crude capacity by 2030–31 [6], and most new integrated capacity includes downstream hot strip and cold rolling mills. The Production Linked Incentive scheme for specialty steel, with an outlay of INR 6,322 crore, supports coated, alloy and electrical grades [7]. Domestic demand growth near 8% a year in 2024–2025 makes India the largest incremental consumer outside China.

### EAF Transition and Low-Emission Product Premiums

Decarbonization is moving from pilot to procurement. The IEA estimates that the iron and steel sector accounts for about 7% of global energy-system CO2 emissions [11], and automakers have signed offtake agreements for low-emission coil. CBAM pricing from 2026 gives EAF and DRI-based producers a measurable cost advantage in Europe. Mills able to certify product-level emissions can charge premiums and secure multi-year contracts.

### Coated Product Demand in Roofing and Appliances

Zinc, zinc-aluminium and zinc-aluminium-magnesium coatings are growing faster than uncoated coil. Rising urbanization in Southeast Asia, the Gulf and Africa favors pre-painted roofing and cladding, while appliance makers specify coated substrates for corrosion and finish quality. worldsteel data show Asia accounted for more than 70% of global steel consumption in 2024 [1], where coated roofing is a primary building material in residential construction.

### Trade Measures Favoring Domestic Sourcing

The United States raised Section 232 tariffs on steel imports to 25% in March 2025 and to 50% in June 2025 [4], redirecting orders to domestic mills and new plants under construction. In October 2025, the European Commission proposed halving tariff-free import quotas and applying a 50% out-of-quota duty [23]. These measures support utilization and pricing for regional producers in the short term.

## Restraints

## Restraints Impact Analysis

Restraint impacts below represent the directional drag each factor places on the Flat Steel Market growth rate. They interact with drivers and with one another, so the figures are indicative rather than additive.

| Restraint | ~% Impact on CAGR | Geographic Relevance | Impact Timeline | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Global overcapacity and Chinese export volumes | -1.0% | Global | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [2][12] |
| Chinese property sector contraction | -0.6% | China, Asia-Pacific | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [14] |
| Raw material and energy price volatility | -0.6% | Global | Short-term (≤2 yr) | [12] |
| Decarbonization capital burden | -0.5% | Europe, Asia-Pacific | Long-term (≥4 yr) | [11][21] |
| Trade fragmentation and retaliatory measures | -0.4% | Global | Medium-term (2–4 yr) | [4][23] |

### Global Overcapacity and Chinese Export Volumes

According to another source, the global excess steelmaking capacity may surpass 680 million tons by 2027 [12]. In 2024, China exported approximately 111 million tons of finished steel, with a significant proportion of this quantity being hot-rolled and coated coil [2]. The margins of non-integrated rerollers are compressed, and prices in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America are depressed as a result of these volumes.

### Chinese Property Sector Contraction

In 2024, investment in real estate development in China decreased by 10.6%, as reported by the National Bureau of Statistics. Historically, the construction sector has consumed the majority of China's steel, and a decline in new projects has diminished domestic demand for coils and plates. Mills have shifted production toward export markets, conveying the deceleration into international pricing.

### Raw Material and Energy Price Volatility

Iron ore, coking coal and electricity prices swing sharply with Chinese demand, freight rates and geopolitics. European producers faced power costs several times pre-2021 levels during 2022 [12], forcing temporary furnace idling. Volatile input costs make fixed-price contracts difficult and push buyers toward shorter, index-linked terms.

### Decarbonization Capital Burden

Replacing blast furnaces with DRI and EAF capacity requires billions per site. thyssenkrupp's Duisburg DRI plant carries a budget of about EUR 3 billion, with roughly EUR 2 billion in public support [21]. Producers in regions without subsidies or affordable clean power risk delaying projects, which can strain balance sheets during low-price periods.

### Trade Fragmentation and Retaliatory Measures

Section 232 tariffs [4], EU safeguards [23] and anti-dumping duties across Asia and Latin America are fragmenting trade into regional blocs. Exporters face shifting quotas and compliance costs, and integrated mills lose the ability to balance utilization across markets. Uncertainty also delays downstream investment decisions by appliance and automotive buyers.

## Opportunities

## Flat Steel Market Opportunities

The Flat Steel Market offers several growth pockets beyond volume expansion, centered on product differentiation, underserved regions and new commercial models.

### Certified Low-Emission Coil for Automotive and Wind Buyers

Automakers and wind OEMs have set Scope 3 targets that require lower-carbon inputs. Producers that pair EAF or DRI output with third-party verified environmental product declarations can win multi-year offtakes at premium prices. CBAM reporting from 2026 standardizes the emissions data buyers need, creating a clear commercial pathway.

### Capacity Gaps in India, ASEAN and Africa

India, Vietnam, Indonesia and sub-Saharan Africa remain net importers of higher-grade cold-rolled and coated products. Indian demand alone is projected to grow faster than capacity for specialty grades [6][7], while ASEAN construction keeps coated roofing imports high. Localized cold rolling and coating lines near demand centers can capture margin now earned by exporters.

### Electrical Steel for Transformers and EV Motors

Grain-oriented and non-oriented electrical steel faces structural shortages. The IEA estimates the world must add or refurbish about 80 million km of grid lines by 2040 [15], and transformer lead times extended beyond two years in 2024. JSW Steel's joint venture with JFE for grain-oriented production shows how new entrants are targeting this gap.

### Carbon Data and Material Passport Services

Product-level carbon accounting is becoming a sellable service. Mills and service centers can monetize verified emissions data, digital material passports and traceability records required by automotive and public procurement buyers. Subscription-based reporting platforms and premium certified tonnage open revenue streams that are independent of commodity coil prices.

### Coated Substrates for Solar Mounting

Zinc-aluminium-magnesium coatings resist corrosion in desert and coastal solar installations. With solar accounting for most of the 585 GW of renewable additions in 2024 [9], tracker manufacturers in the Middle East, India and the US are qualifying regional coil suppliers. Producers close to these project hubs can win specification-led contracts.

## Future Outlook

## Flat Steel Market Future Outlook

The Flat Steel Market will spend the next decade balancing tonnage growth with the cost of decarbonization, as four themes reshape investment and procurement.

### Hydrogen and DRI-Based Ironmaking

The IEA's roadmap projects that near-zero emission routes could supply a substantial share of primary steel by 2050 under sustainable development scenarios [11]. Europe and the Gulf lead early hydrogen-ready DRI projects, with first commercial output expected near 2030. Initial volumes will go to premium automotive and wind contracts before spreading to construction grades.

### Electrification Supercycle

Grid expansion, EV adoption and electrified industry are raising demand for electrical steel and heavy plate. Another source expects EV sales to keep rising through the decade [16], and IEA analysis points to a sharp increase in grid investment [15]. Mills with electrical steel capability will hold pricing power that commodity producers lack.

### AI and Digital Mill Operations

Producers are applying machine learning to surface defect detection, rolling schedule optimization and predictive maintenance. Digital controls improve yield on advanced high-strength grades, where tight thickness and flatness tolerances determine OEM approval. These tools also support the energy management that EAF operators need to profit from variable power prices.

### Circularity and Emissions Reporting

Scrap availability will rise as vehicles and buildings from the 2000s reach end of life, improving EAF feedstock economics [11]. Disclosure regimes such as CBAM and corporate Scope 3 reporting will make product-level emissions a standard purchasing criterion. Producers that cannot document their footprint risk losing access to regulated markets.

## Segment Insights

## Flat Steel Market Segmentation

### By Product Type

| Segment | Key Metric (2025) | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Sheets and Strips | 70.1% share | Automotive panels, appliances, building envelopes |
| Plates | 5.0% CAGR | Shipbuilding, pressure vessels, wind towers |

Within the Flat Steel Market, Sheets and Strips lead by a wide margin because they serve the broadest set of applications, from car bodies to solar racking. Hot-rolled coil makes up the high-volume, low-margin core, while cold-rolled, galvanized steel and zinc-aluminium-magnesium variants carry higher value. Sheets and Strips also grow fastest as coated and advanced grades gain share. Plates remain specification-driven, tied to shipyards in Korea and China, heavy machinery and offshore wind foundations.

### By Production Process

| Segment | Key Metric (2025) | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Basic Oxygen Furnace | 70.4% share | Integrated capacity in China, India and Japan |
| Electric Arc Furnace | 7.2% CAGR | Scrap availability, clean power, CBAM compliance |
| Others | USD 24.1 Million | Legacy and induction-based capacity |

Basic Oxygen Furnace production dominates the Flat Steel Market because integrated blast furnace sites represent decades of sunk investment that cannot be replaced quickly. Electric Arc Furnace capacity is growing fastest as new sheet mills in the US, Europe and the Gulf target automotive and appliance grades. CBAM improves EAF competitiveness in Europe, though scrap export restrictions can slow adoption where domestic collection is limited. Others covers a small residual of older and induction-based capacity.

### By End-user Industry

| Segment | Key Metric (2025) | Primary Demand Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Building and Infrastructure | 33.8% share | Public programs, prefabricated buildings, bridges |
| Mechanical Equipment | 19.6% share | Industrial machinery and agricultural equipment |
| Automotive and Other Transport | USD 176.3 Million | EVs, lightweighting, rail and shipbuilding |
| Renewable Energy and Power Equipment | 7.3% CAGR | Wind towers, solar mounting, transformers |
| Other End-Use Sectors | 4.6% CAGR | Appliances, packaging, general fabrication |

Building and Infrastructure is the largest end use in the Flat Steel Market, supported by government programs that buffer demand from private housing cycles. Renewable Energy and Power Equipment grows fastest because wind towers, solar trackers and grid equipment are steel-intensive and project pipelines are expanding [8][9]. Automotive and Other Transport adds value through advanced high-strength and electrical grades. Mechanical Equipment and Other End-Use Sectors provide steady baseline consumption tied to industrial output.

## Regional Market Share Analysis

## Regional Market Share Analysis

| Region | Key Metric (2025) | Primary Investment Themes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| North America | 13.9% share | EAF capacity, tariff-driven reshoring, automotive grades |
| Europe | 14.4% share | CBAM compliance, DRI conversion, wind towers |
| Asia-Pacific | 61.8% share | Integrated capacity growth, coated products, EV supply chains |
| South America | 4.6% share | Automotive hubs, infrastructure concessions |
| Middle East & Africa | 5.3% share | Gulf DRI-EAF mills, construction megaprojects |
| Total | USD 753.6 Million | — |

Regional dynamics in the Flat Steel Market are defined by Asia-Pacific's production scale, Europe's decarbonization regulation and North America's tariff-protected reshoring.

### North America

| Country | Key Metric (2025) | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| US | 71.5% share of region | Section 232 tariffs and new EAF sheet mills |
| Canada | 4.9% CAGR | Automotive supply and infrastructure renewal |
| Mexico | USD 18.1 Million | Nearshored automotive and appliance assembly |

North American demand is increasingly met by domestic mills. Section 232 tariffs at 50% [4] have widened the price gap with imports, and new projects such as Hyundai Steel's planned Louisiana EAF complex [19] and AM/NS Calvert's EAF expansion target automotive-grade coil. Mexico benefits from nearshoring of vehicle and appliance production, though US tariffs on Mexican steel complicate cross-border coil flows.

### Europe

| Country | Key Metric (2025) | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 24.6% share of region | Automotive and machinery demand, DRI conversion |
| UK | USD 9.4 Million | EAF rebuild at Port Talbot |
| France | 11.2% share of region | Automotive and nuclear equipment |
| Italy | 4.1% CAGR | Scrap-based EAF rolling and appliance demand |
| Spain | USD 8.7 Million | Construction and renewable projects |
| Nordic Countries | 4.8% CAGR | Hydrogen-based steel projects |
| Russia | 15.3% share of region | Domestic infrastructure, restricted export access |
| Rest of Europe | USD 17.9 Million | Central European automotive clusters |

European demand is flat in volume but rising in value as producers convert to lower-carbon routes. Construction accounted for about 37% of EU apparent steel consumption in 2024 [13]. CBAM's definitive phase and the proposed tighter safeguard regime [23] protect regional mills, while Tata Steel's GBP 1.25 billion Port Talbot EAF project, supported by a GBP 500 million UK grant [18], signals the direction of investment.

### Asia-Pacific

| Country | Key Metric (2025) | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| China | 58.2% share of region | Integrated scale, export orientation, EV production |
| India | 8.4% CAGR | Infrastructure spending and capacity expansion |
| Japan | USD 51.6 Million | High-grade automotive and electrical steel |
| South Korea | 7.3% share of region | Shipbuilding plate and automotive grades |
| ASEAN | 7.6% CAGR | Coated roofing and new integrated mills |
| Rest of Asia-Pacific | USD 21.4 Million | Australian construction and mining equipment |

Asia-Pacific anchors the Flat Steel Market through China's output, which exceeded 1,000 million tonnes of crude steel in 2024 [1]. China's suspension of capacity swap approvals in August 2024 [25] limits new blast furnace additions, while India's push toward 300 Mt [6] makes it the region's growth engine. Japanese standards revisions have aligned domestic production more closely with OEM requirements for advanced high-strength grades [24].

### South America

| Country | Key Metric (2025) | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Brazil | 63.5% share of region | Automotive, agricultural machinery and construction |
| Argentina | 4.4% CAGR | Energy infrastructure and Vaca Muerta pipelines |
| Rest of South America | USD 7.2 Million | Mining equipment and housing programs |

Brazil dominates regional consumption through its automotive and machinery sectors. Producers have pushed for import quotas and higher tariffs to counter low-priced Asian coil, and Brazil introduced a tariff-rate quota system on several flat products in 2024. Argentina's energy infrastructure, particularly pipelines tied to shale development, supports plate demand from a small base.

### Middle East & Africa

| Country | Key Metric (2025) | Key Driver |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Saudi Arabia | 27.4% share of region | Giga-projects and new DRI-based flat mills |
| UAE | 6.9% CAGR | Low-carbon steel exports and construction |
| South Africa | USD 6.3 Million | Mining equipment and automotive assembly |
| Egypt | 15.1% share of region | Housing and infrastructure programs |
| Rest of MEA | 5.8% CAGR | Urbanization in East and West Africa |

Gulf producers combine low-cost natural gas with DRI-EAF technology, positioning them as low-carbon suppliers to Europe. Saudi Arabia's construction programs and planned hot strip capacity support plate and coil demand. In Africa, coated roofing imports dominate, leaving room for local cold rolling and coating lines as urban populations expand.

## Competitive Benchmarking

## Competitive Benchmarking

The Flat Steel Market is fragmented, with an estimated Herfindahl-Hirschman Index near 350 and the top five producers holding roughly 18–22% of global revenue. China Baowu leads by volume, but no producer controls pricing globally. Competition centers on product mix, automotive qualifications, emissions credentials and access to protected regional markets.

| Company | Est. Revenue Share Range | Key Offerings for Flat Steel Market | Strategic Positioning |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| China Baowu Steel Group | ~6–8% | Hot-rolled, cold-rolled, coated coil, electrical steel | Global volume leader; consolidating Chinese capacity |
| ArcelorMittal | ~4–6% | Automotive grades, coated coil, plate | Multi-regional footprint; EAF investments in US and Europe |
| Nippon Steel Corporation | ~3–5% | Advanced high-strength grades, electrical steel | Expanded into US through U.S. Steel acquisition |
| HBIS Group | ~2–4% | Hot-rolled and cold-rolled coil, appliance grades | Large Chinese producer with overseas assets |
| POSCO | ~2–4% | Automotive coil, electrical steel, plate | Premium grades and hydrogen ironmaking development |
| Ansteel Group | ~2–4% | Plate, cold-rolled coil, shipbuilding steel | Northern China integrated producer |
| JFE Steel | ~1.5–3% | Automotive and electrical grades | Technology partnerships in India |
| Tata Steel | ~1.5–3% | Coated products, automotive coil | India growth and UK EAF transition |
| JSW Steel | ~1.5–3% | Hot-rolled and coated coil, electrical steel | India's fastest-expanding producer |
| Jiangsu Shagang Group | ~1.5–3% | Hot-rolled coil and plate | Large private Chinese producer |
| Nucor Corporation | ~1–2.5% | EAF sheet, plate | US EAF leader benefiting from tariffs |
| Hyundai Steel | ~1–2% | Automotive coil, plate | Planned US EAF integrated mill |

## Recent News & Developments

## Recent News & Developments

- thyssenkrupp Steel (July 2023): Received German and EU approval for about EUR 2 billion in support for a hydrogen-ready DRI plant in Duisburg, a model for subsidized blast furnace replacement in Europe [21]
- European Commission (October 2023): Launched the CBAM transitional reporting phase, requiring importers of flat products to report embedded emissions ahead of 2026 payments
- China MIIT (August 2024): Suspended approvals for steel capacity replacement projects, limiting new blast furnace construction [25]
- Tata Steel (September 2024): Signed a GBP 500 million grant agreement with the UK government for a GBP 1.25 billion EAF at Port Talbot after closing its blast furnaces [18]
- US Government (June 2025): Raised Section 232 tariffs on steel imports to 50%, reshaping North American supply [4]
- Nippon Steel (June 2025): Completed its acquisition of U.S. Steel, committing about USD 11 billion in investment by 2028 [17]
- Hyundai Steel (March 2025): Announced a USD 5.8 billion EAF-based mill in Louisiana to supply automotive grades in the US [19]
- European Commission (October 2025): Proposed halving tariff-free steel import quotas with a 50% out-of-quota duty [23]

## Report Scope

| Parameter | Details |
| --- | --- |
| Market Scope | Hot-rolled, cold-rolled and coated sheets, strips and plates produced via basic oxygen and electric arc routes for construction, machinery, transport, energy and other end uses |
| Study Period | 2021–2035 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Historical Data | 2021–2024 |
| Forecast Period | 2026–2035 |
| Market Size in 2025 | USD 753.6 Million |
| Market Size in 2035 | USD 1,377.1 Million |
| CAGR (2026–2035) | 6.2% |
| Fastest Growing Segments | Renewable Energy and Power Equipment (7.3% CAGR); Electric Arc Furnace (7.2% CAGR); Sheets and Strips (6.7% CAGR) |
| Regions Covered | North America, Europe, South America, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa and ROW |
| Companies Profiled | China Baowu Steel Group, ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel Corporation, HBIS Group, POSCO, Ansteel Group, JFE Steel, Tata Steel, JSW Steel, Jiangsu Shagang Group, Nucor Corporation, Hyundai Steel |
| Valuation Currency | USD Million |
| Methodology | 350+ primary expert interviews; bottom-up market sizing; top-down validation; data triangulation; scenario-based forecasting; real-time project tracking |

## Frequently Asked Questions

**Q: How should buyers compare BOF and EAF material when sourcing in the Flat Steel Market?**
A: EAF coil now meets most automotive and appliance specifications, though residual copper can limit deep-drawing grades. Buyers should request product-level emissions declarations, since footprints differ sharply between routes [11].

**Q: What does CBAM mean for exporters selling into the European Flat Steel Market?**
A: From 2027, importers must surrender certificates covering 2026 imports, priced against EU carbon allowances. Exporters submitting verified plant data pay less than those relying on default emission values [3].

**Q: Which emerging use case could reshape demand in the Flat Steel Market?**
A: Electrical steel for transformers and EV motors faces structural shortages. Utilities are signing multi-year supply agreements as transformer lead times exceed two years [15].

**Q: How do steel service centers add value for mid-size buyers?**
A: Service centers slit, blank and cut coil to size, then deliver on short lead times. This lets fabricators cut inventory and scrap without negotiating mill minimum order volumes.

**Q: Are premiums for low-emission coil likely to last?**
A: Premiums depend on CBAM tightening and public procurement rules that favor low-carbon materials [12]. Automotive and wind buyers have shown the strongest willingness to pay so far.

**Q: What contract structures help manage coil price volatility?**
A: Many buyers use quarterly index-linked pricing tied to published hot-rolled coil benchmarks. Larger purchasers add hedges through exchange-traded coil futures in Shanghai or Chicago.

**Q: How does the Nippon Steel–U.S. Steel combination affect competition?**
A: It gives a Japanese technology leader a protected US production base behind 50% tariffs. Planned investment of about USD 11 billion by 2028 raises pressure on domestic rivals in automotive grades [17].


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