Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market: Information by Nozzle Type (Simplex and Duplex), by Injection Mechanism (Single Point and Multiple Point), by Aircraft Type (Commercial and Military), by Vendor (OEM and Aftermarket), and by Region — Global Forecast till 2023
ID: MRFR/A&D/5870-HCR | February 2021 | Region: Global | 125 pages
Market Scenario
Aircraft fuel nozzle also termed as aircraft fuel spray nozzle is an integral part of the aircraft fuel system. It receives pressurized aviation turbine fuel from the fuel manifold and sprays it inside the combustion chamber in a precise manner. The fuel nozzles are designed in such a way that the fuel is distributed evenly, it is centered near the flame area, and is closely related to the type of combustion chamber in which they are installed. Fuel nozzles commonly used nowadays comes in simplex and duplex configurations and are mounted either internally or externally. The combustor/nozzle integration is key factor determining engine performance and plays a vital role in reducing emissions and optimizing fuel consumption.
The growth in global air travel and subsequent demand for new aircraft are key factors projected to drive the growth of the civil aircraft fuel nozzle market. In addition, rise in defense expenditure and subsequent demand for new combat aircraft drives the growth of military aircraft fuel nozzle market. However, the existing backlogs in new commercial aircraft deliveries hinders the market growth to a certain extent, whereas developing an effective fuel nozzle that ensures reduced particulate emissions, quieter operation, reduced fuel consumption and longer intervals between overhauls is a challenge faced by the emerging players. Meanwhile factors such as focus on aircraft modernization programs, growing importance for aviation safety and initiatives taken for ensuring safe flight further boosts the service (MRO) requirement and impacts the aftermarket growth. Furthermore, developments in 3D printing technology for manufacturing fuel nozzles and technological advancements in combustor design offer promising growth opportunities to aircraft fuel nozzle market players.
The global aircraft fuel nozzle market is estimated to register a CAGR of nearly 4% during the forecast period of 2018 to 2023.
Segmentation of the Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market 
Based on nozzle type, the duplex fuel nozzle segment accounted for the largest market share as it gives better atomization at starting and idling speeds. Based on injection mechanism, single injection point nozzle segment accounted for the largest market share as it ensures more uniform spray patterns providing an improved performance. Based on aircraft type, the civil aircraft segment accounted for the largest market share as the global air traffic is growing at a significant pace creating a huge demand for new aircraft. Based on vendor, the OEM segment accounted for the largest market share as various aircraft manufacturers are readily integrating these components with their offerings.
North America is estimated to account for the largest share during the review period. North America region in this report includes the US and Canada. In terms of military aircraft aspect, the US military is likely to receive USD 674 billion in support in 2019 for new fighter jets, Black Hawk helicopters, among others, which indirectly influences the aircraft fuel nozzle market in this country. Similarly, Canada is set to acquire used F-18 fighter jets from Australia, which generates a further scope of the aftermarket market in this country.
Intended Audience
- Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Manufactures
- Aircraft Engine OEMs
- Aircraft Engine MROs
- Aircraft OEMs
- Component Providers
- Defense Organizations
- Research Institutes
- Regulatory Bodies
Key Players
The key players in the global aircraft fuel nozzle market are Advanced Atomization Technologies (JV between Parker Aerospace & GE Aviation (US)), Avstar Fuel Systems, Inc. (US), Axian Technology, Inc. (US), Collins Aerospace (part of United Technologies Corporation (US)), GE Aviation (a part General Electric Company (US)), General Aviation Modifications, Inc. (US), Kelly Aerospace Inc. (US), Parker Hannifin Corporation (US), Precision Airmotive LLC (US) and Woodward, Inc. (US).
Research Methodology
The market numbers and forecast derived were the outcome of our disciplined research methodology which includes secondary research, primary interviews, followed by data triangulation and validation from our in-house data repository and statistical modeling tools.
Secondary Research
In this process, the data collection was done through various secondary sources, which included annual reports, SEC filings, journals, government association, Aerospace & Defense magazines, white papers, corporate presentations, company websites, some paid databases and many others.
Primary Research
In this process, both demand side and supply side parties were involved to extract genuine facts and insights about market forecast, production, trend, and projected market growth. Industry stakeholders such as CEOs, VPs, directors, and marketing executives across the value chain have been approached to obtain key information.
Report Key Insights
- Market Sizing, Forecast and Analysis: Detailed coverage on market segment and its sub segments
- Regional / Country Trend and Forecast: Detailed analysis on North America, Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Latin America, along with key countries in each of the regions
- Market dynamics intelligence: Market drivers, opportunities, trends, restraints, Porter’s five forces, supply chain & value chain analysis
- Technology Trend, Regulatory Landscape, and Patent Analysis Outlook
- Competitive Intelligence: Market share analysis, financial analysis, product benchmarking, strategic developments including JVs, Product Launch, and M&A
- Regional attractiveness and related growth opportunities
Report Customization
MRFR offers report customization to our valued customers. Below are the options available for customization:
- Company Profiles
In-depth profiling of additional market players (3 to 4 companies)
- Country Level Analysis
Detailed analysis of a country and its related segment as per the report scope (subject to data availability)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :
A vital role played in decreasing emissions and enhancing fuel consumption is estimated to benefit the market.
A 4% CAGR is estimated to guide the global market in the forecast period.
Axian Technology, Inc. (U.S.), Collins Aerospace, and Avstar Fuel Systems, Inc. (U.S.), are likely to boost the market’s development in the forecast period.
The majority of the market is estimated to be led by the North American region in the coming period.
A strong income generation rate is estimated to be realized in the forecast period.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Market Introduction
2.1. Market Definition
2.2. Scope of the Study
2.3. Market Structure
2.4. Key Takeaways
2.5. Key Buying Criteria
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Research Process
3.2. Primary Research
3.3. Secondary Research
3.4. Market Size Estimation
3.5. Forecast Model
3.6. List of Assumptions
3.7. Limitations
4. Market Landscape
4.1. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
4.1.1. Threat of New Entrants
4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.1.3. Threat of Substitutes
4.1.4. Segment Rivalry
4.1.5. Bargaining Power of Supplies
4.2. Value Chain/Supply Chain Analysis
5. Market Dynamics
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Market Drivers
5.3. Market Restraints
5.4. Market Opportunities
6. Industry Dynamics
6.1. Technology Trend
6.2. Regulatory Landscape
6.3. Patent Analysis Outlook
7. Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Simplex Fuel Nozzle
7.2.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
7.2.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
7.3. Duplex Fuel Nozzle
7.3.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
7.3.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
8. Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Civil Aircraft
8.2.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
8.2.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
8.3. Military Aircraft
8.3.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
8.3.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
9. Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor
9.1. Introduction
9.2. OEM
9.2.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
9.2.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
9.3. Aftermarket
9.3.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
9.3.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
10. Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Single Injection Point Nozzle
10.2.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
10.2.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
10.3. Multiple Injection Point Nozzle
10.3.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, 2018–2023
10.3.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
11. Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region
11.1. Introduction
11.2. North America
11.2.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Country, 2018–2023
11.2.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.2.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.2.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.2.5. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.2.6. US
11.2.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.2.6.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.2.6.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.2.6.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.2.7. Canada
11.2.7.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.2.7.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.2.7.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.2.7.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3. Europe
11.3.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Country, 2018–2023
11.3.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.5. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3.6. UK
11.3.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.6.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.6.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.6.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3.7. Germany
11.3.7.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.7.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.7.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.7.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3.8. France
11.3.8.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.8.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.8.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.8.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3.9. Russia
11.3.9.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.9.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.9.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.9.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.3.10. Rest of Europe
11.3.10.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.3.10.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.3.10.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.3.10.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.4. Asia-Pacific
11.4.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Country, 2018–2023
11.4.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.4.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.4.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.4.5. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.4.6. China
11.4.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.4.6.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.4.6.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.4.6.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.4.7. Japan
11.4.7.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.4.7.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.4.7.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.4.7.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.4.8. India
11.4.8.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.4.8.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.4.8.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.4.8.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.4.9. Rest of Asia-Pacific
11.4.9.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.4.9.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.4.9.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.4.9.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.5. Rest of the World
11.5.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Region, 2018–2023
11.5.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.5.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.5.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.5.5. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.5.6. Middle East & Africa
11.5.6.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.5.6.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.5.6.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.5.6.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
11.5.7. Latin America
11.5.7.1. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
11.5.7.2. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
11.5.7.3. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Vendor, 2018–2023
11.5.7.4. Market Estimates & Forecast, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
12. Competitive Landscape
12.1. Competitive Scenario
12.2. Competitive Overview
12.3. Competitive Benchmarking
12.4. Market Share Analysis
13. Company Profiles
13.1. Advanced Atomization Technologies (JV between Parker Aerospace & GE Aviation)
13.1.1. Company Overview
13.1.2. Product Offering
13.1.3. Financial Overview
13.1.4. Key Developments
13.1.5. Swot Analysis
13.1.6. Strategy
13.2. Avstar Fuel Systems, Inc.
13.2.1. Company Overview
13.2.2. Product Offering
13.2.3. Financial Overview
13.2.4. Key Developments
13.2.5. Swot Analysis
13.2.6. Strategy
13.3. Axian Technology, Inc.
13.3.1. Company Overview
13.3.2. Product Offering
13.3.3. Financial Overview
13.3.4. Key Developments
13.3.5. Swot Analysis
13.3.6. Strategy
13.4. Collins Aerospace (part of United Technologies Corporation)
13.4.1. Company Overview
13.4.2. Product Offering
13.4.3. Financial Overview
13.4.4. Key Developments
13.4.5. Swot Analysis
13.4.6. Strategy
13.5. GE Aviation (a part General Electric Company)
13.5.1. Company Overview
13.5.2. Product Offering
13.5.3. Financial Overview
13.5.4. Key Developments
13.5.5. Swot Analysis
13.5.6. Strategy
13.6. General Aviation Modifications, Inc.
13.6.1. Company Overview
13.6.2. Product Offering
13.6.3. Financial Overview
13.6.4. Key Developments
13.6.5. Swot Analysis
13.6.6. Strategy
13.7. Kelly Aerospace Inc.
13.7.1. Company Overview
13.7.2. Product Offering
13.7.3. Financial Overview
13.7.4. Key Developments
13.7.5. Swot Analysis
13.7.6. Strategy
13.8. Parker Hannifin Corporation
13.8.1. Company Overview
13.8.2. Product Offering
13.8.3. Financial Overview
13.8.4. Key Developments
13.8.5. Swot Analysis
13.8.6. Strategy
13.9. Precision Airmotive LLC
13.9.1. Company Overview
13.9.2. Product Offering
13.9.3. Financial Overview
13.9.4. Key Developments
13.9.5. Swot Analysis
13.9.6. Strategy
13.10. Woodward, Inc.
13.10.1. Company Overview
13.10.2. Product Offering
13.10.3. Financial Overview
13.10.4. Key Developments
13.10.5. Swot Analysis
13.10.6. Strategy
List of Tables
Table 1 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 2 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 3 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 4 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 5 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 6 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle, Nozzle Type Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 7 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle, Nozzle Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 8 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle, Nozzle Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 9 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle, Nozzle Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 10 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle, Nozzle Type Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 11 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Aircraft Type Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 12 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Aircraft Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 13 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Aircraft Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 14 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Aircraft Type Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 15 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Aircraft Type Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 16 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Vendor Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 17 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Vendor Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 18 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Vendor Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 19 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Vendor Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 20 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Vendor Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 21 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Injection Mechanism Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 22 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Injection Mechanism Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 23 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Injection Mechanism Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 24 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Injection Mechanism Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 25 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Injection Mechanism Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 26 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 27 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
Table 28 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
Table 29 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023
Table 30 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
Table 31 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 32 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
Table 33 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
Table 34 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023
Table 35 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
Table 36 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 37 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
Table 38 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
Table 39 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023
Table 40 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
Table 41 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Country, 2018–2023
Table 42 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
Table 43 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
Table 44 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023
Table 45 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
Table 46 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region, 2018–2023
Table 47 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023
Table 48 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023
Table 49 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023
Table 50 Rest of the World: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023
List Of Figures
FIGURE 1 Research Process of MRFR
FIGURE 2 Top-Down & Bottom-Up Approaches
FIGURE 3 Market Dynamics
FIGURE 4 Impact Analysis: Market Drivers
FIGURE 5 Impact Analysis: Market Restraints
FIGURE 6 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
FIGURE 7 Value Chain Analysis
FIGURE 8 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share, by Nozzle Type, 2017 (%)
FIGURE 9 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Nozzle Type, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 10 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share, by Aircraft Type, 2017 (%)
FIGURE 11 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Aircraft Type, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 12 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share, by Vendor, 2017 (%)
FIGURE 13 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Vendor, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 14 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share, by Injection Mechanism, 2017 (%)
FIGURE 15 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Injection Mechanism, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 16 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share (%), By Region, 2017
FIGURE 17 Global Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market, by Region, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 18 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share (%), 2017
FIGURE 19 North America: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market by Country, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 20 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share (%), 2017
FIGURE 21 Europe: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market by Country, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 22 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share (%), 2017
FIGURE 23 Asia-Pacific: Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market by Country, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
FIGURE 24 Rest of the World Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market Share (%), 2017
FIGURE 25 Rest of the World Aircraft Fuel Nozzle Market by Region, 2018–2023 (USD Million)
